An important contemporaneous challenge in the management of AD is to establish its early diagnosis, or, ideally, to identify the cases of AD prior to the actual onset of dementia. This requires the development of new diagnostic tools to predict the dementia outcome among older people with very mild symptoms of cognitive dys-function, or even in asymptomatic individuals.
The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association have recently convened working groups to reedit the diagnostic criteria for AD dementia, taking into account the vast expansion of the knowledge of the neurobiology of the disease.
Another important accomplishment of these workgroups was to revise the clinical and biological correlates of AD in the symptomatic predementia phase, yielding the proposition of the diagnostic criteria for ‘mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD’. The authors incorporated the use of biomarkers to define three levels of certainty of the clinical diagnosis, given the characterization of mild cognitive deficits in non-demented older people.